The Native American folklife records consist of materials related to the Accohannock tribe of Somerset County, Maryland. The collection document the tribe's history, and attempts to gain federal recognition. Within the collection, are history, folklore, and legends related to the tribe. In addition to guides on documenting local cultural tradition. Materials in this collection date from 1994-1999 with the bulk of the material dating to 1994.

The Accohannock people reside in southern Somerset County, Maryland along the Annemessex River. The indigenous people were Algonquin speakers and apart of the Powhatan nation. Between 1622 and 1646 there were a variety of conflicts that broke out between the Native-Americans and Colonial settlers. In 1646 the colonial government established laws that disbanded the indigenous tribes of Virginia. According to tribal legend, the Accohannock tribe mother told her daughters to marry colonist and assimilate into their culture in order to serve. The Accohannock tribe was revived in the late twentieth century. Throughout the late 1990s until the present day the tribe has been working to seek federal recognition.